​Trumpet
Characteristic trumpet sounds include blazing fanfares and moody mellowness.
The trumpet is used to play all kinds of music ranging from South American ballads to flashy fanfares to classical orchestral pieces. 
It is one of the lead instruments in the band, with the melody carried chiefly by the 1st trumpet, with the 2nd and 3rd trumpet parts establishing the section's thick brassy sound. A band usually will have 6 or more trumpets.
A trumpet has a very narrow, cylindrical bore that gives it a very bright sound. Although it is only about 45cm long the total length of unwound tube is about 1.5m.
Fact: Trumpets are at least 3,500 years old: silver and bronze trumpets were among the objects found in the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamen in Egypt.

Cornet
The cornet is very similar to the trumpet, except that is has a more compact shape and a conical bore that give it a softer, mellower sound. 
Many wind band pieces have a combination of trumpet and cornet parts and players generally play both instruments. Cornets are used rather than trumpets in brass bands.

Flugel Horn
Due to its shape, the flugel horn has its own very mellow and dark sound that is very well suited for jazz solos. It is not used very often in the band and when it is used, it is usually only for a solo in a show or jazz tune. 

Brass instruments are used today in orchestras, concert bands and brass bands or in smaller groups, as well as featuring as solo instruments in music such as pop and jazz ensembles.
Most brass instruments consist of a metal cylindrical or conical tube, usually wrapped around at least once, a flared bell, and a cup-shaped mouthpiece. Many have valves, but some, such as the trombone have slides instead.

Brass is a yellowish metal that is a combination of copper and zinc. But some instruments that are made of brass, like the saxophone, are not considered brass instruments. So what makes an instrument part of the brass family?

For any sound to be produced, something has to vibrate, such as a column of air, a string, a reed, or a drum head. In the case of brass instruments, it is actually the player’s lips that vibrate. This happens in the mouthpiece that is attached to the instrument, causing the air in the instrument to vibrate. Any instrument that produces sound in this way is part of the brass family.

There are two ways to change pitch in a brass instrument.

• The first way is to make the tubing of the instrument shorter or longer. Valves redirect the air to shorter or longer routes to make the pitch go up or down. Slides can move in or out, changing the length of the tube so the pitch goes up or down accordingly.
• The second way to change pitch in a brass instrument is for the player to make their lips tighter or looser. Brass players have to learn how to change pitch using both these techniques.